词汇 | 麻将中英文术语大全

作为中国的国粹，麻将（Mahjong）不但风行全国各地，现在还流行到了美国。本文为大家介绍一些这种风行国外的麻将现象并汇总一些麻将中英文术语供参考。

Mahjong (/mɑːˈʒɒŋ/ mah-ZHONG) is a tile-based game that originated in China during the Qing dynasty. It is commonly played by four players (with some three-player variations found in South Korea andJapan). The game and its regional variants are widely played throughout Eastern and South Eastern Asia and have a small following in Western countries. Similar to the Western card game rummy, Mahjong is a game of skill, strategy, and calculation and involves a degree of chance.

The game is played with a set of 144 tiles based on Chinese characters and symbols, although some regional variations may omit some tiles and/or add unique tiles. In most variations, each player begins by receiving 13 tiles. In turn players draw and discard tiles until they complete a legal hand using the 14th drawn tile to form 4 melds (or sets) and a pair (eye). A player can also win with a small class of special hands. There are fairly standard rules about how a piece is drawn, how a piece is robbed from another player, the use of simples (numbered tiles) and honors (winds and dragons), the kinds of melds allowed, how to deal the tiles and the order of play. Despite these similarities, there are many regional variations to the rules including rather different scoring systems, criteria for legal winning hands and even private table rules which distinguish some variations as notably different styles of mahjong.

Every Monday and Thursday afternoon in Bryant Park, one of most illustrious public places in downtown New York City, the clink of intricate tiles and ignited outbursts from drawing an unlucky piece can only mean one tantalizing game: mahjong. Mahjong, originated in China about 150 years ago, is a fascinating, gin rummy-like game played with tiles rather than cards. The game has evolved to become a popular American pastime since it was first introduced to the U.S. in early 1920s.

每周一和周四下午，在坐落于纽约曼哈顿市中心的布莱恩特公园，伴随着麻将牌的碰撞声和人群中爆发的阵阵吆喝声，麻将牌友们纵横捭阖、大杀四方。起源于中国的麻将于 20 世纪 20 年代传入美国，现在已成为受美国人欢迎的消遣方式。

"We play with a card, a mahjong card," Linda Fisher, Bryant Park's mahjong area organizer, explained major differences between Chinese and American/Jewish style of the game.

记者看到，美国人打麻将，都会在桌边放一张小卡片。" 这是美国麻将联盟发布的年度美式麻将规则卡，" 布莱恩特公园的麻将区组织者琳达 · 费希尔向记者介绍中国麻将和美式麻将的区别。

Traditional Chinese mahjong sets have 144 tiles, while American version is played with eight additional joker tiles and score cards that are published annually by non-profit organizations like National Mahjong League. And every year the card changes just to keep it interesting, so they have to match the patterns on the card instead of making the kinds of Pengs and Kangs and Ches that the other styles of mahjong (have). So the scoring's different.

传统中国麻将有 144 张牌，而美国麻将还另有 8 张鬼牌（百搭牌）。费希尔说，与中国麻将固有的 " 碰 "" 杠 "" 吃 " 打法不同，美国麻将联盟每年更换麻将规则卡，列出新的可以得分、赢牌的麻将组合，以保持其趣味性。

中英对照麻将术语

附：麻将名词中英文对照表（图片版）

来源：网络

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